◄ Wiki / Crypto
nonce
A number used exactly once, to keep repeated encryptions from looking identical.
A nonce ('number used once') is a fresh value mixed into a cryptographic operation so that encrypting the same message twice produces different output, defeating pattern analysis and replay. It usually doesn't need to be secret, but it must not repeat under the same key. In microZeus the per-record initialization vector (IV) plays this role.
See also
- modular exponentiationRaising a number to a large power and taking the remainder — the core arithmetic behind RSA.
- OpenSSLA widely used open-source library for encryption and secure network connections.