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Rosetta
Apple's translation layer that lets software built for Intel (x86) Macs run on newer ARM-based Apple chips.
When Apple switched Macs from Intel x86_64 processors to its own ARM silicon, existing x86 programs couldn't run natively. Rosetta transparently translates x86_64 machine code into ARM instructions on the fly (and caches the result), so old binaries just work. A build target labeled 'macOS x86_64 (Rosetta)' means the x86 build is being run through this translation rather than natively.