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RSA

A classic public-key cryptography system where a public key encrypts or verifies and a separate private key decrypts or signs.

RSA gives each party a mathematically linked key pair: what one key does, only the other can undo. Its security rests on the difficulty of factoring the product of two very large prime numbers. It is widely used for digital signatures and certificates; a system may verify RSA signatures (confirming who signed something) without ever signing itself.